选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导

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一. 教学内容：
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
二. 教学目标：掌握本单元的重点单词与短语
掌握本单元的语法:过去分词的用法
Ⅰ.Language points:
1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone, she was very upset.
call up 打电话，使……回忆起
今晚我会给你打电话。
Tonight I will call you up.                                               
老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。
The old photo call me up of my childhood.                                  
call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
call for需要，要求，接（人或物）
call in邀请；请来
call on拜访（人）
call at拜访（某地）
Ex. ——Can I do the job?
    ——I’m afraid not, because it ______skill and patience.
    A. calls on                 B. calls out  
C. calls up                D. calls for
2. now and then 时而；不时= sometimes, but not often
我有时喜欢去看歌剧。
______________________________________________________________
(I like to go to watch the opera now and then.)
相关短语：
from time to time有时；不时
(every) now and again时而；不时
from now on从现在开始，今后
just now刚才
since then从那时以来
  3. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them.
distinguish vt. & vi.
(1)辨别；辨认
从远处我能认出他们。
______________________________________________________________
(I)can distinguish them at a distance.)
(2) （常与from, between连用）区别；区分
应当教育孩子分辨好坏。
Children should be taught to ________________________________________
(3) (常与from连用) 有别于；有……特点
语言把人和动物区别开来。
Speech______________________________________________________
( Speech distinguish humans from other animals.)
(4)distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名
这个人因智慧而扬名。
The man_________________________________________________________.
(The man distinguished himself by his wisdom.)
distinguished adj. 著名的，出名的
distinguishing adj. 有区别的
distinguishable adj. 可区别的
4. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.
set about =set out: to begin or start 着手；开始
Ex1.他一到那儿就着手解决问题。
He _________________________________________________ as soon as he arrived there.
= He _______________________________________________ as soon as he arrived there.
set out出发，起程
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set off出发，动身
set aside留出，对……不予考虑
set down记下，写下
set up设置，造成，产生
  5. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地     abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
Ex. 这路有很多急转弯。
Ex1. The road is full of ________________________________________________.
这会议突然结束了。
Ex2. The meeting came to _____________________________________________.
6. Ex1)._________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
    A. Compare              B. When comparing  
C. Comparing             D. When compared
Ex2). _____more time, we are sure to finish it.
A. Given     B. Giving   C. Be given    D. If giving
注意：在条件/时间/让步状语从句中，当主语从句与从句的主语一致时，从句中的主语与be可以省略。
7. convenient  adj. 便利的，方便的
be convenient to sb. 对某人方便
it is convenient for sb. 对某人方便
it is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便
Ex1.三点钟对你方便吗？
_____________________________________________________________

>>《选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导》这篇教育教学文章来自［www.170yx.com网］www.170yx.com 收集与整理，感谢原作者。 (Will three o’clock be convenient for you?)
Ex2.我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
I’m afraid this isn’t a ________________________________________ to see you.
警示: convenient 不能以人作主语。
Ex3. Come and see me whenever________________.
A. you are convenient      B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you    D. it will be convenient to you
Ex4. If it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient    B. fair   C. easy   D. comfortable

Ⅱ.Grammar:
动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很近，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；
iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；
cooked food (熟食);
fried chips (炸土豆条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”的意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers． 我的父母都是退休教师。
(1)前置定语
    单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。                               
    The excited people rushed into building.    
    激动的人们冲进大楼。
    (=the people who were excited)
    Lost time can never be found again．
    虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
    (=time which is lost)
(2)后置定语
    ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能
作后置定语。
    Everything used should be marked．
    所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。       
Is there anything planned for tonight?     今晚有什么活动吗?      
    (=that has been planned for tonight)
3. We drank some boiled water  (=which had boiled )and went on with our work.
    我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。
注意:
    这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。
1）Most of the artists          to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90)
    A.invited                   B. to invite                                            
    C.being invited                  D. had been invited
2）The first text books          for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94)
    A. having written              B. to be written                                      
    C. being written                     D. written
3) The Olympic games,         in 776 BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
    A. first playing               B. to be first played

>>《选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导》这篇教育教学文章来自［www.170yx.com网］www.170yx.com 收集与整理，感谢原作者。     C. first played               D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods           through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春)
    A. are bought               B. bought         
    C. been bought               D. buying
5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel.  (2003 北京春)
    A. tired, boring                B. tiring, bored
    C. tired, bored                D. tiring, boring

二、动词-ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，
而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：
He looked worried after reading the letter．
看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．
听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。
常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的)；delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；
gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)；tired(疲劳的)；pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的)；married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等
作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。
    I was very pleased at the news．听了这消息我很高兴。
1）Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98)
    A. pay                            B. paying       
    C. paid                          D. to pay
2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.  (NEMT 2001)
    A. separated                       B. spared
    C. lost                          D. missed
3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.  (2004 上海)
    A. seat                        B. seating
    C. seated                       D. to be seating                            

三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
She found the door broken in when she came back．  她回来时发现有人破门而入。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,
强调动作完成后的状态.
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.
当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。
1. I must get my bike repaired．我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。
    (主语补足语)
(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。
We thought the game lost．
我们认为球赛输了。
1) —— Good morning. Can I help you?
    —— I’d like to have this package _____,

>>《选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导》这篇教育教学文章来自［www.170yx.com网］www.170yx.com 收集与整理，感谢原作者。     madam. (MET89)
    A. be weighed                       B. to be weighed
    C. to weigh                        D. weighed
2) The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. (NMET94)
    A. playing                            B. to be playing
    C. play                            D. played
3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET2000)
    A. carry out                         B. carrying out
    C. carried out                         D. to carry out
4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________ went wrong again. (上海1999)
   A. it                                B. it repaired
   C. repaired                                D. to be repaired

【模拟试题】
语法专项练习
一. 非谓语动词的恰当形式填空：  
1. John Snow told the story about the _________ (astonish) people in Broad Street.
2. Some of the people _______ (invite) to the party couldn’t come.       
3. There is a car _______ (park) outside the house.         
4. The experience _______ (gain) will be of great value to us.
5. These seats are _______ (reserve) for you.
6. The library is ______ (close) on weekends.
7. Don’t drink the _______ (pollute) water.
8. The ________ (worry) mother looked at her_______ (worry) son, looking _______(worry).        

二. 单项选择：
1. Is this the bike which you wish to have ____?
A. repaired it                              B. repairing
C. repair                               D. repaired
2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司 ), ____ as 3M.
A. knowing                                 B. known
C. being known                              D. to be known
3. From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking                                     B. marked
C. to be marked                             D. having been marked
4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked ____ in it.
    A. losing        B. lost          C. to lose         D. having lost

>>《选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导》这篇教育教学文章来自［www.170yx.com网］www.170yx.com 收集与整理，感谢原作者。 5. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ____.
    A. worried        B. to worry         C. worrying     D. worry
6. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
    A. falling; burying                        B. fallen; buried
    C. fallen; burying                          D. falling; buried
7. She was glad to see her child well ____ care of.
    A. take              B. to be taken             C. taken           D. taking
8. Friendship is like money easier made than ____.
    A. kept               B. to be kept              C. to keeping        D. being kept
9. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known                            B. having been known
C. to be known                           D. known
10. John rushed out in a hurry,  ____ the door ____.
    A. leaving; unlocked                    B. leaving;  unlocking
C. left; unlocking                      D. to leave; unlocking

【试题答案】
一. 选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：  
1. astonished   
2. invited
3. parked
4. gained
5. reserved
6. closed
7. polluted
8. worried   worrying     worried
二. 单项选择：
1—10  D     B     B     B     A     B     C     A     D     A

>>《选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导》这篇教育教学文章来自［www.170yx.com网］www.170yx.com 收集与整理，感谢原作者。 如果觉得选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 教学辅导不错，可以推荐给好友哦。